Packaging Knowledge:
An Information Continuum


Hari Srinivas
  1. Abstracts
  2. Acronyms
  3. Addresses
  4. Advertisements
  5. Advertisements
  6. Advice
  7. Alerts
  8. Announcements
  9. Archives
  10. Artwork
  11. Atlas
  12. Audio
  13. Awards
  14. Best Practices
  15. Bibliographies
  16. Biographies
  17. Books
  18. Briefs
  19. Brochures
  20. Bulletins
  21. Calendar
  22. Cartoons
  23. Case Studies
  24. Catalogues
  25. Cause-and-effect
  26. CD-ROMs
  27. Charts
  28. Checklists
  29. Chronicles
  30. Collections
  31. Columns
  32. Commentaries
  33. Comments
  34. Concepts
  35. Courses
  36. Data
  37. Databases
  38. Definitions
  39. Demonstrations
  40. Designs
  41. Diaries
  42. Dictionaries
  43. Directories
  44. Documents
  45. Drawings
  46. Editorial
  47. Email
  48. Encyclopaedia
  49. Essays
  50. Events
  51. Examples
  52. Excerpts
  53. Exercises
  54. Exhibitions
  55. Extracts
  56. Fact Sheets
  57. FAQs
  58. Feedback
  59. Films
  60. Findings
  61. Fliers
  62. Flip-charts
  63. Forecasts
  64. Forums
  65. Frameworks
  66. Glossaries
  67. Good Practices
  68. Graphics
  69. Guidelines
  70. Guides
  71. Handouts
  72. Headlines
  73. Highlights
  74. Hypotheses
  75. Ideas
  76. Images
  77. Indicators
  78. Insights
  79. Introductions
  1. Issues
  2. Jokes
  3. Journals
  4. Keywords
  5. Lectures
  6. Letters
  7. Links
  8. Lists
  9. Manuals
  10. Maps
  11. Media Advisories
  12. Messages
  13. Methods
  14. Models
  15. Modules
  16. Namecards
  17. Newsletters
  18. Newspapers
  19. Notes
  20. Notices
  21. One-pagers
  22. Opinions
  23. Outlines
  24. Overviews
  25. Pamphlets
  26. Papers
  27. Patterns
  28. Periodicals
  29. Photographs
  30. Plans
  31. Posters
  32. Practices, best/good
  33. Presentations
  34. Press Kits
  35. Profiles
  36. Prototypes
  37. Questions
  38. Recommendations
  39. References
  40. Reports
  41. Reviews
  42. Samples
  43. Scenarios
  44. Screenshots
  45. Series
  46. Showcases
  47. Sketches
  48. Slides
  49. Snapshots
  50. Software
  51. Solutions
  52. Speeches
  53. Spotlight
  54. Standards
  55. Statements
  56. Statistics
  57. Stories
  58. Strategies
  59. Studies
  60. Suggestions
  61. Summaries
  62. Survey
  63. Systems
  64. Tables
  65. Talks
  66. Testimonials
  67. Themes
  68. Timelines
  69. Tools
  70. Topics
  71. Trends
  72. Tutorials
  73. Updates
  74. Videos
  75. Views
  76. Websites
  77. White papers
  78. Workbooks
  79. Working Papers
The value of knowledge can be realized only when it is disseminated and shared - and used. The objective of this document is to list out the various formats in which knowledge can be packaged and discuss the circumstances under which these formats are used.

The collection listed below is broad. Some focus on the format of presentation, and some on the content of the message. Some use graphics to deliver the message, some use text. Some present the message in listed points or in summary/abstract format, some in descriptive/verbose format. Some formats are temporal, short-term or long-term, others atemporal. Some formats are specificaly developed for online dissemination environments, others offline - still others are appropriate for both environments.

The collection is therefore a continuum, an information continuum, where the position of an information format changes as the defining scales of the continuum itself change. The scales could be - size of the target audience, volume of info to be disseminated etc. Selecting an appropriate information packging format depends on a number of factors: (a) the problem or issue being addressed, (b) the decision-making process, (c) the information user/stakeholder - type as well as number of users, (d) the level/scale at which the activities are taking place, (e) the intended effect of providing the information, and (f) the medium through which the information is delivered.

Study the list carefully. Try to associate the format with the information in hand - and see how the message changes its 'digestability' depending on the format used. And answer the following questions: what is the message that is being delivered? What appripriate medium can be used for the purpose? Who are the target audience (including the type of audience, number and scale at which they function)? When, where and how is the actual dissemination to take place? The answer to these and related questions will help in selecting the appropriate format!


The same body of data can be used for different dissemination purposes, by modifiying the information format used.

The list is in no way complete or exhaustive. The list was developed by scanning websites, library materials, newsletters and bulletins etc. Some may seem silly ('jokes'), or inappropriate ('spotlights' or talks'), or not quite an info format ('acronyms'), or simply the same ('snapshots' and 'photos'). But the objective behind this list is not to document or list all information formats, but to emphasize the need to think differently. Information dissemination is done not just through a 'book' or 'report' (yes, both are included in the list!) - but there are many, many other ways in which info can be presented, depending on the intended effect. Thus the same body of data or information can have totally different effects on its users, depending on the format used.

This approach is epitomised by the 'information pyramid'. Usually, only the top 'finished' information is visible or disseminated. Other interim formats, including the base - raw data - is simply not used and is lost except for the people actually generating the data. But these interim stages of information is equally important to create different types of useage and intended effects on the target audience.


Needless to say, if you have an addition to the above list, please do send it to Hari Srinivas at hsrinivas@gdrc.org
 Hari Srinivas - hsrinivas@gdrc.org
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