From:
"Garden City"
| To:
"Inner City"
|
From:
"Expansion of New Development"
| To:
"Conservation and renewal"
|
From:
"Population and employment increase"
| To:
"Stability, changes in social structure and our understanding of the future of work"
|
From:
"Simplistic notion of planning as enlarged architecture"
| To:
"The understanding of the city as a social and economic system"
|
From:
"Creating and controlling whole environments"
| To:
"Accepting diversity and the 'happy accident'"
|
From:
"The 'end state' master plan"
| To:
"Flexible policy plan"
|
From:
"'Top-down' planning"
| To:
"Encouraging self-help initiatives"
|
From:
"Planning product according to design rules"
| To:
"Planning process as a result of participation"
|
From:
"Control by 'plot ratio'"
| To:
"Urban impact analysis"
|
From:
"Separation of land uses for health reasons"
| To:
"A mixture of uses for social diversity"
|
From:
"Confidence in the computer and quantitative methods"
| To:
"Mistrust of model-based planning"
|
From:
"Quantitative methods"
| To:
"Qualitative methods"
|
From:
"The planner as the only discipine involved in planning"
| To:
"Corporate view and product from a wide range of discipines"
|
From:
"The pursuit of exciting but simplistic new images"
| To:
"The discovery of order in existing diversity"
|
From:
"Industrial technology"
| To:
"Electronic technology"
|
From:
"Cheap energy"
| To:
"Expensive technology"
|
From:
"Central systems"
| To:
"Quest for decentralization"
|
From:
"Consensus and agreed definitions"
| To:
"Roles of experts questioned"
|
From:
"Municipality provides services"
| To:
"Municipality acts as civic enterpreneurer"
|
From:
"Urban governance: worst first"
| To:
"Municipal marketing: invest in success"
|
