Sectoral Trends of Environmental Significance

1. Overall Energy Use
   • Total primary energy supply
   • Total final consumption by fuel type
   • Total final consumption by sector
2. Energy Use by Fuel Type
   • Percent of total primary energy supply by fuel type
   • Percent of electricity generation by fuel type
3. Indigenous Energy Production
   • Primary energy produced nationally as percent of total
   • Primary energy supply
4. Energy Intensity
   • Total primary energy supply per unit of GDP
   • Sectoral end uses:
     • residential: TOE per capita
     • commercial and public sector: TOE per square metre
     • industry: TOE per unit of value added
     • transport: TOE per road vehicle x km

5. Fossil fuel efficiency for electricity generation

Environmental Interactions

1. Energy Resources
   • Proven oil/coal/gas reserves in tonnes of oil equivalent
2. Air Pollution
   • Annual volume of air pollution emissions (SOx, NOx, CO2, CO, VOC, methane)
   • Ratio of emissions per unit of GDP
   • Ratio of emissions by end uses
3. Water Pollution
   • Tonnes of oil released
     • through accidents
     • on a continuous basis (refineries, platforms, tankers)
4. Waste
   • Volume of solid waste from energy production
   • Volume of radioactive waste (spent fuel)
5. Land Use
   • Hectares of land taken up by energy production, transport, and transformation (reservoirs, pipelines, open-cast mines, harbours, etc.)
6. Safety
   • Numbers killed and injured

Economic Considerations

1. Environmental Damage
   • Environmental pollution damage relating to energy production and consumption, for certain types of pollutants (e.g. SOx)
2. Environmental Expenditure
   • Total expenditure on pollution prevention and/or clean-up
     • abatement vs. clean technology
     • public vs. private
   • Environmentally-related R&D expenditures: public vs. private
3. Taxation and subsidies
   • Direct subsidies by fuel type
     • ratio by TOE
     • as a percentage of sectoral activity
     • share of subsidies for environmental purposes
   • Total economic subsidies (direct and indirect subsidies, plus externalities)
   • Relative taxation in per cent by different fuel types
4. Real energy prices per fuel type

Source: Table based on the OECD Environment Monograph [OCDE/GD(93)133] on Indicators for the integration of Environmental Concerns into Energy Policies, Paris, 1993.