MicroStart: A Guide for Planning, Starting and Managing a Microfinance Programme.

CHAPTER THREE
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B. ORGANIZING CREDIT RECORDS

1. Organizing Paperwork
2. Organizing the Ledger
3. Sample Ledger
4. Basic Record Flow
5. Modifying Documentation

(1) Organizing Paperwork

In this chapter we will present a simple system for maintaining credit records. You will learn to organize forms into files and see which forms are used at each step of the process In the previous chapter, you learned about two forms:

Once they are completed and signed, these two forms must be gathered together and stored in two separate files.

  • the Group File
    The Field Agent should keep the Group File in a three-ring notebook. Use a section divider for each group. Place applications in the notebook divided by group and filed alphabetically by borrower. The portability of the notebook is a plus since it can be passed to the Loan Manager for reviews or carried to group meetings.

  • the Promissory Note File
    Signed Promissory Notes are kept by the Loan Manager in the Promissory Note File.

    Arrange the file by group and alphabetically by borrower. Promissory Notes are legally binding documents. They should be stored in a locked, metal, fireproof container or cabinet. Once a Promissory Note is fully repaid, it is stamped and returned to the borrower.

These are the most important source documents upon which your entire financial management of loans will be based.

(2) Organizing the Ledger

The Ledger records information on each and every borrower of the project-past or present. The Ledger is organized by group and alphabetically by borrower. The Loan Manager is responsible for maintaining the timeliness and accuracy of the Ledger. The first time a new borrower is approved for a loan, the Loan Manager will begin a page in the Ledger for that borrower.

The Ledger contains three parts:

Other staff members will refer to these documents and should alert the Loan Manager to any posting errors. Everyone should agree to respect the orderliness of the Ledger Documents and this file should never leave the office.

A completed Ledger page is presented below using a borrower who has completed four six-month loans.

(3) Sample Ledger

PART 1 - BORROWER PROFILE

Group Rising Star Borrower ID 2-RS-009
Borrower Maylin Ton Gender Female
Status Widow
Address Jasmina Road 16 Family Income $200 per year
Mountainside Village Source Weaving Mats
Riceland Province

PART 2 - SUMMARY OF LOANS
Loan Number 1 2 3 4
Purpose purchase
material
purchase
awning
purchase
cart
purchase
cart 2
Date Issued 01 July 96 01 Jan 97 01 July 97 01 Jan 98
Principal $50.00 $100.00 $150.00 $250.00
Interest $10.00 $20.00 $30.00 $50.00
Total Loan $60.00 $120.00 $180.00 $300.00
Term 20 weeks 20 weeks 20 weeks 20 weeks
Interest Rate
per month (flat)
4% 4% 4% 4%

PART 3 - RECORD OF PAYMENTS
Pay-
ment
Date due Total due Date paid Total paid Balance Comments Intls.
0 120.00
1 15-Jan-97 12.00 15-Jan-97 12.00 108.00
2 29-Jan-97 12.00 29-Jan-97 12.00 96.00
3 12-Feb-97 12.00 15-Feb-97 12.00 84.00
4 26-Feb-97 12.00 26-Feb-97 12.00 72.00
5 12-Mar-97 12.00 12-Mar-97 12.00 60.00
6 26-Mar-97 12.00 29-Mar-97 12.00 48.00 3 days late
7 9-Apr-97 12.00 11-Apr-97 12.00 36.00 2 days late
8 23-Apr-97 12.00 23-Apr-97 12.00 24.00
9 7-May-97 12.00 7-May-97 12.00 12.00
10 21-May-97 12.00 21-May-97 12.00 00 Loan #2
Paid Off

Please see attachment VII of the Tool Kit.


(4) Basic Record Flow

Study the following table to see which records are used at each step of the loan process. Read across to see what happens at each step. Read down to see who does what. Please note that some of the forms listed are in following sections of this chapter.

RECORD FLOW
Borrower Credit
Group
Group
Treasurer
Field
Agent
Loan
Manager
Loan
Application
completes
Application
evaluates
Application
and votes on
loan
transfers
Application
to
GROUP FILE
keeps
GROUP FILE
Promissory
Note
signs
Promissory
Note
signs
Promissory
Note
transfers
written
Promissory
Note
to office
keeps
written
Promissory
Note
in
NOTE FILE
Regular
Payments
makes
payment
records
payments on
Passbook
records
payment in
Transfer
Report
reports
payments to
office with
Transfer Report
posts entry
in
Ledger
Late
Payments
fails to pay discusses
non-payment
in meetings
reports late
payments to
office with
Non-payment
Report
posts entry
in Ledger
and
follows up
with
client/Field
Agent


(5) Modifying Documentation

As you gain field experience, you may want to modify or add to the tracking tools presented here. However, before introducing additional recordkeeping, check your procedures against these guideposts.

Ease of use
Restrict forms to the essential data. Be sure the form has sufficient space for responses. In some questions, you can ask for check marks next to preprinted choices.

Consistency and accuracy
Insist that forms are fully and accurately completed. Collection of faulty or vague information serves no purpose.

Feedback
Make simple charts from the information you collect. Use them to tell the story to staff and participants on a regular basis.


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